How would Cartesian Physics explain gauge theory and symmetry to explain why it is wrong? (Updated the Fine Structure Constant) In Cartesian Physics, Nature is a single entity. A change in one part of the entity creates a change in another part. This creates a relation between parts. These relations manifest as fixed ratios called constants within and between the 5 Elements. The fixed nature of these constants leads to invariance from the perspective of each particle. Noether viewed these ratios