Lapping is a final abrasive finishing operation that produces extreme dimensional accuracy, corrects minor imperfections of shape, refines surface finish and produces close fit between mating surfaces ...

Ultra-precision machining underpins the manufacture of components where surface quality is not merely aesthetic but functionally critical, from optical ...

During lapping, a spinning abrasive surface is used to thin wafers from the backside. As the process progresses, precise feedback is required to monitor the amount of material removed and determine ...